INCOLOY® Alloy 945 — High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Superalloy for Demanding Oil & Gas Applications
Product Description
FUSHUN METAL offers premium quality INCOLOY® Alloy 945 (UNS N09945), a high-strength, corrosion-resistant superalloy specifically designed for demanding applications in the oil and gas industry. This age-hardenable nickel-iron-chromium alloy is enhanced with strategic additions of molybdenum, copper, niobium, titanium, and aluminum to deliver exceptional performance in aggressive environments. With superior resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking and outstanding resistance to localized corrosion (pitting and crevice), INCOLOY® Alloy 945 is particularly suitable for downhole and surface components in sour gas wells containing high levels of hydrogen sulfide and chlorides. The alloy demonstrates excellent mechanical properties with a minimum yield strength of 125 ksi (862 MPa) in standard grade and can be supplied with higher strength levels as needed for specialized applications. FUSHUN METAL provides INCOLOY® Alloy 945 in various forms including round bars, forgings, tubes, and hollow bars, making it the ideal material choice for critical components where reliability in extreme environments is paramount.
Standards and Specifications
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 meets the following industry standards and specifications:
| Standard | Specification |
|---|---|
| UNS | N09945 |
| NACE | MR0175 / ISO-15156-3 |
| NACE Approval Level | Level VII and Level VI-450°F |
| Special Metals Corporation | HA 119 (Standard Grade) |
| Special Metals Corporation – Shaft Grade | HA 121 |
Chemical Composition
FUSHUN METAL produces INCOLOY® Alloy 945 with the following chemical composition according to UNS N09945 requirements:
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | 45.0 – 55.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 19.5 – 23.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.0 – 4.0 |
| Niobium (Nb) | 2.5 – 4.5 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.5 – 2.5 |
| Aluminum (Al) | 0.01 – 0.7 |
| Manganese (Mn) | Max 1.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | Max 0.5 |
| Carbon (C) | 0.005 – 0.04 |
| Sulfur (S) | Max 0.03 |
| Phosphorus (P) | Max 0.03 |
Role of Key Alloying Elements
- Nickel (45.0-55.0%): Provides resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking and, in conjunction with molybdenum and copper, outstanding resistance to general corrosion in reducing media.
- Chromium (19.5-23.0%): Enhances corrosion resistance in oxidizing environments and contributes to the formation of protective oxide layers.
- Molybdenum (3.0-4.0%): Significantly improves resistance to localized attack (pitting and crevice corrosion), particularly in environments containing chlorides.
- Niobium, Titanium, and Aluminum: Participate in the age hardening reaction, forming gamma prime (Ni₃(Ti,Nb,Al)) and gamma double prime (Ni₃(Nb,Ti,Al)) precipitates, which strengthen the alloy.
- Copper: Contributes to corrosion resistance and participates in the precipitation hardening mechanism.
Physical Properties
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 from FUSHUN METAL exhibits the following physical properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 0.296 lb/in³ (8.2 g/cm³) |
| Melting Range | 2317-2510°F (1270-1377°C) |
| Electrical Resistivity | 663 ohm•cmil/ft (1.10 μΩ•m) |
| Permeability at 200 oersteds (15.9 kA/m) | 1.003 |
| Young’s Modulus | 29.1 × 10⁶ psi (200.8 GPa) |
| Thermal Conductivity at 70°F (21°C) | 75.9 BTU•in/ft²•h•°F (10.9 W/m•°C) |
| Specific Heat at 70°F (21°C) | 0.106 BTU/lb•°F (445 J/kg•°C) |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (70-200°F/21-93°C) | 7.88 × 10⁻⁶ in/in/°F (14.19 × 10⁻⁶ cm/cm/°C) |
Mechanical Properties
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 from FUSHUN METAL demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties. The following table shows typical mechanical properties of annealed and aged round bars in various sizes:
| Rod Size | Yield Strength | Tensile Strength | Elongation | Reduction of Area | Impact Strength (-75°F) | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0″ (25mm) | 133.4 ksi (920 MPa) | 173.2 ksi (1194 MPa) | 27.8% | 48.0% | 76 ft•lb (103 J) | 40 HRC |
| 3.5″ (89mm) | 135.5 ksi (934 MPa) | 172.0 ksi (1186 MPa) | 25.5% | 40.5% | 58.2 ft•lb (79 J) | 43 HRC |
| 6.0″ (152mm) | 141.0 ksi (972 MPa) | 176.0 ksi (1214 MPa) | 22.0% | 34.6% | 55.3 ft•lb (75 J) | 42 HRC |
| 12.0″ (305mm) | 142.3 ksi (981 MPa) | 171.7 ksi (1184 MPa) | 26.3% | 43.6% | 61.2 ft•lb (83 J) | 40 HRC |
High-Strength Shaft Grade Properties
For applications requiring even higher strength, such as pump shafting, FUSHUN METAL offers cold-worked and direct aged INCOLOY® Alloy 945 with the following typical properties:
| Rod Size | Yield Strength | Tensile Strength | Elongation | Reduction of Area | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.697″ (17.7mm) | 170.9 ksi (1178 MPa) | 196.6 ksi (1156 MPa) | 17.1% | 26.6% | 41 HRC |
| 1.205″ (30.6mm) | 174.9 ksi (1206 MPa) | 196.5 ksi (1355 MPa) | 15.6% | 26.3% | 42 HRC |
| 1.750″ (44.5mm) | 176.7 ksi (1218 MPa) | 195.2 ksi (1346 MPa) | 17.0% | 29.2% | 40.9 HRC |
Limiting Mechanical Properties
FUSHUN METAL guarantees the following minimum properties for INCOLOY® Alloy 945:
| Grade | Min. Yield Strength | Min. Tensile Strength | Min. Elongation | Min. Reduction of Area | Min. Impact | Hardness Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Grade (HA 119) | 125 ksi (862 MPa) | 150 ksi (1034 MPa) | 18% | 25% | 40 ft•lb | 32-42 HRC |
| Shaft Grade (HA 121) | 165 ksi (1138 MPa) | 180 ksi (1281 MPa) | 15% | 20% | – | 38-46 HRC |
Corrosion Resistance
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 from FUSHUN METAL offers exceptional corrosion resistance, making it ideal for applications in aggressive environments:
H₂S Resistance and NACE Certification
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 has been extensively tested and approved under NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 for use in oil and gas applications for the following environmental conditions:
- Level VII: Approved for service in environments containing 3500 kPa (508 psia) H₂S, 3500 kPa (508 psia) CO₂, 25 wt% (150,000 mg/l Cl) NaCl, at temperatures up to 205°C (401°F).
- Level VI-450°F: Approved for service in environments containing 3500 kPa (508 psia) H₂S, 3500 kPa (508 psia) CO₂, 20 wt% (120,000 mg/l Cl) NaCl, at temperatures up to 232°C (450°F).
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance
The alloy demonstrates excellent resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking as shown by comparative testing results:
| Test Method | Environment | INCOLOY® Alloy 945 Result | 304 Stainless Steel Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM G123 | Boiling 25% NaCl at 225°F (108°C), pH 1.5 | No cracks after 720 hours | Cracks after 22 hours |
| ASTM G36 | Boiling 45% MgCl₂ at 310°F (155°C) | Time to failure: 142 hours | Time to failure: 13 hours |
Localized Corrosion Resistance
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 offers superior resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, which is crucial for components operating in acid-halide environments common in oil and gas service. The Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) of INCOLOY® Alloy 945 is 50°C, significantly higher than many competitive alloys, providing enhanced protection against localized attack.
Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking
FUSHUN METAL’s INCOLOY® Alloy 945 exhibits excellent resistance to both Galvanically-induced Hydrogen Stress Cracking (GHSC) and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). Testing in accordance with NACE TM0177-2004 showed no failures after 30 days of exposure at stresses up to 90% of actual yield strength, demonstrating the alloy’s suitability for sour service applications.
Key Advantages of INCOLOY® Alloy 945
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 from FUSHUN METAL offers several significant advantages that make it the material of choice for demanding oil and gas applications:
- Superior Corrosion Resistance: Exceptional resistance to stress corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulfide environments, pitting, and crevice corrosion, making it ideal for sour gas wells and other corrosive operations.
- High Strength: Provides excellent mechanical properties with minimum yield strength of 125 ksi (862 MPa) in standard grade, and up to 176 ksi (1218 MPa) in shaft grade.
- NACE MR0175 / ISO-15156-3 Compliance: Certified for Level VII and Level VI at 450°F, ensuring suitability for the most demanding H₂S-containing environments.
- Excellent High-Temperature Performance: Maintains mechanical properties at elevated temperatures common in deep well operations.
- Superior Fatigue Resistance: Excellent rotating beam fatigue strength, outperforming many competitive alloys.
- Age-Hardenable: Can be heat-treated to achieve different strength levels to suit specific application requirements.
- Good Fabricability: Can be machined, formed, and welded using conventional techniques with proper procedures.
- Versatility: Available in multiple product forms for diverse manufacturing needs.
Applications
Due to its unique combination of properties, INCOLOY® Alloy 945 from FUSHUN METAL is the ideal choice for numerous critical applications in the oil and gas industry and beyond:
Oil and Gas Downhole Components
- OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods)
- Subsurface safety valves
- Tubing hangers
- Landing nipples
- Packers
- Tool joints
- Drill tools
Surface Gas-Well Components
- Valves for sour service
- High-pressure pumps
- Wellhead components
- Christmas trees
- Flow control equipment
Mechanical Components
- Pump shafting
- Fasteners
- High-strength piping systems
- Mechanical seals
Processing Equipment
- Heat exchangers
- Pressure vessels
- Processing reactors
- Storage tanks
Available Product Forms
FUSHUN METAL offers INCOLOY® Alloy 945 in various product forms to meet diverse manufacturing requirements:
Round Bars
| Diameter Range | Length | Surface Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5″ (12.7mm) to 14″ (356mm) | Random or cut-to-length | Black/As-produced, Rough-turned, Precision-turned, Ground, Polished |
Hollow Bars
| Outside Diameter | Wall Thickness | Length |
|---|---|---|
| Up to 6″ (152mm) | Custom as required | Random or cut-to-length |
Forgings
| Type | Dimensions | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Open die forgings | Custom as required | Up to 1000 kg |
| Forging stock | Up to 12″ (305mm) diameter | As required |
Tubing
| Outside Diameter | Wall Thickness | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5″ (12.7mm) to 6″ (152mm) | As required | Random or cut-to-length |
Heat Treatment
To achieve optimal properties in INCOLOY® Alloy 945, FUSHUN METAL recommends the following heat treatment procedures:
Annealing
- Temperature Range: 1750°F to 1950°F (954°C to 1066°C)
- Optimal Range: 1850°F to 1950°F (1010°C to 1066°C)
- Holding Time: 0.5 to 4 hours, depending on section thickness
- Cooling: Water quench
- Purpose: To dissolve precipitates, homogenize the structure, and prepare the material for age hardening
Age Hardening
- First Stage: 1300°F to 1350°F (704°C to 732°C) for 6-8 hours
- Cooling Rate: Furnace cool at 50°F to 100°F (26°C to 56°C) per hour
- Second Stage: 1125°F to 1175°F (607°C to 635°C) for 6-8 hours
- Final Cooling: Air cool
- Result: Formation of strengthening gamma prime and gamma double prime precipitates
Note: Specific heat treatment parameters may be adjusted based on section thickness and desired mechanical properties. FUSHUN METAL’s technical team can provide customized heat treatment recommendations for your specific application requirements.
Fabrication Guidelines
INCOLOY® Alloy 945 can be fabricated using conventional techniques with the following guidelines:
Hot Working
- Hot working temperature range: 1700°F to 2100°F (930°C to 1150°C)
- Hot working characteristics similar to INCONEL® alloy 718
- Proper heating and handling practices should be followed to avoid contamination
Cold Working
- The alloy can be easily cold worked up to 40% reduction
- Work hardening rate is moderate, similar to MONEL® alloy K-500
- Intermediate annealing may be required for significant deformation
Machining
- Material exhibits good machinability in either the solution annealed or aged condition
- Use rigid tools with positive rake angles
- Employ techniques that minimize work hardening
- Best results are obtained by rough machining components prior to age hardening and finishing after final heat treatment
Welding
- Gas-tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) and pulsed gas-metal-arc welding (P-GMAW) are recommended
- Use matching composition filler metal or INCO-WELD® filler metal 725NDUR®
- For P-GMAW, current should not exceed 185 amperes for standard power sources
- Submerged-arc welding (SAW) and shielded-metal-arc welding (SMAW) are not recommended
- Post-weld heat treatment is recommended for optimal properties
Quality Assurance
FUSHUN METAL maintains the highest standards of quality for INCOLOY® Alloy 945:
- Chemical Analysis: Each heat is analyzed using state-of-the-art spectrometers to ensure compositional compliance
- Mechanical Testing: Comprehensive testing including tensile, hardness, and impact properties
- Microstructural Examination: Analysis to confirm proper grain size and absence of detrimental phases
- Corrosion Testing: Materials are tested for resistance to various corrosive environments
- Non-Destructive Testing: Ultrasonic, magnetic particle, and liquid penetrant inspection as required
- Traceability: Complete traceability from melt to final product
- Certification: Full certification package provided with each shipment, including material test reports
Why Choose FUSHUN METAL for INCOLOY® Alloy 945
Selecting FUSHUN METAL as your supplier for INCOLOY® Alloy 945 provides numerous advantages:
- Technical Expertise: Our team of metallurgists and engineers has extensive experience with superalloys and their applications in demanding environments
- Manufacturing Excellence: State-of-the-art production facilities and strict process controls ensure consistent quality
- Comprehensive Testing: Rigorous testing at every stage of production guarantees material performance
- Custom Solutions: Ability to provide custom dimensions, mechanical properties, and surface finishes
- Technical Support: Expert assistance with material selection, heat treatment, and fabrication guidance
- Global Supply: Worldwide procurement and distribution network ensures timely delivery
- Competitive Pricing: Excellent value proposition for premium superalloy products
Request Information
Contact FUSHUN METAL today to discuss your INCOLOY® Alloy 945 requirements. Our technical team is ready to assist you with:
- Detailed technical specifications
- Custom size and property requirements
- Heat treatment recommendations
- Fabrication guidance
- Price quotations and delivery schedules
- Application-specific material solutions
